What is Head & Neck Cancer?

Head and Neck Cancer

Head & neck cancer refers to cancers that develop in the mouth, throat (pharynx), voice box (larynx), nose/sinuses, salivary glands, and related areas. These cancers commonly arise from the lining (mucosa) of these regions and may affect speaking, swallowing, breathing, and overall quality of life.

Treatment depends on the cancer type, stage, and location and may include surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, or a combination. Early diagnosis and timely treatment can significantly improve outcomes.

Common Symptoms & When to Consult

If any of the following symptoms persist for more than 2 weeks, consult an oncologist/ENT specialist. Many causes can be non-cancerous, but early evaluation is important.

  • Persistent sore throat: Not improving with routine treatment.
  • Difficulty swallowing: Pain or feeling of food getting stuck.
  • Hoarseness or voice change: Voice change lasting more than 2 weeks.
  • Mouth ulcer or white/red patch: Not healing or recurring frequently.
  • Neck lump: Swelling in the neck that is increasing or not going away.
  • Ear pain: Unexplained earache, especially with throat symptoms.
  • Unexplained weight loss: Along with fatigue or reduced appetite.

Diagnosis may include clinical examination, imaging (CT/MRI/PET-CT), endoscopy, and biopsy. A personalized treatment plan is created based on staging, overall health, and patient needs.

Symptoms and Diagnosis - Head and Neck Cancer

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